Robert E. Lee to Jefferson Davis

Mr. President:

The present seems the most propitious time since the commencement of the war for the Confederate Army to enter Maryland.   The two grand armies of the United States that have been operating in Virginia, though now united, are much weakened and demoralized.   Their new levies, of which I understand sixty thousand men have already been posted in Washington, are not yet organized, and will take some time to prepare for the field.   If it is ever desired to give material aid to Maryland and afford her an opportunity of throwing off the oppression to which she is now subject, this would seem the most favorable.   After the enemy had disappeared from the vicinity of Fairfax Court House and taken the road to Alexandria & Washington, I did not think it would be advantageous to follow him farther.   I had no intention of attacking him in his fortifications, and am not prepared to invest them.   If I had possessed the necessary munitions, I should be unable to supply provisions for the troops.   I therefore determined while threatening the approaches to Washington, to draw the troops into Loudon, where forage and some provisions can be obtained, menace their possession of the Shenandoah Valley, and if I found practicable, to cross into Maryland. 

The purpose, if discovered, will have the effect of carrying the enemy north of the Potomac, and if prevented, will not result in much evil.   The army is not properly equipped for an invasion of an enemy's territory.   It lacks much of the material of war, is feeble in transportation, the animals being much reduced, and the men are poorly provided with clothes, and in thousands of instances are destitute of shoes.   Still we cannot afford to be idle, and though weaker than our opponents in men and military equipments, must endeavor to harass, if we cannot destroy them.   I am aware that the movement is attended with much risk, yet I do not consider success impossible, and shall endeavor to guard it from loss.   As long as the army of the enemy are employed on this frontier I have no fears for the safety of Richmond, yet I earnestly recommend defence, by land and water, in the most perfect condition.   A respectable force can be collected to defend its approaches by land, and the steamer Richmond I hope is now ready to clear the river of hostile vessels.   Should Genl [Braxton] Bragg find it impracticable to operate to advantage on his present frontier, his army, after leaving sufficient garrisons, could be advantageously employed in opposing the overwhelming numbers which it seems to be the intention of the enemy now to concentrate in Virginia.   I have already been told by prisoners that some of [General Don Carlos] Buell's cavalry have been joined to Genl Pope's army, and have reason to believe that the whole of McClellan's, the larger portions of Burnside's & Cox's and a portion of [General David] Hunter's, are united to it.   What occasions me most concern is the fear of getting out of ammunition.   I beg you will instruct the Ordnance Department to spare no pains in manufacturing a sufficient amount of the best kind, & to be particular in preparing that for the artillery, to provide three times as much of the long range ammunition as of that for smooth bore or short range guns. 

The points to which I desire the ammunition to be forwarded will be made known to the Department in time.   If the Quartermaster Department can furnish any shoes, it would be the greatest relief. 

We have entered upon September, and the nights are becoming cool. 

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