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Description of Landtype 1:
Broad Undulating Sandstone
Uplands
Geographic setting-Moderately
deep to deep, loamy and clayey soils on level to sloping broad ridges
that typically occupy the smoother and higher parts of the landscape in
all subregions but more frequently Subregion 1. Slope does not exceed 10
percent, but the area with slope greater than 6 percent is small and
aspect is not a dominant factor. These uplands may range up to 0.5 mile
in width. Soils developed loamy residuum from sandstone or from
interbedded sandstone and shale. In some places a 2- to 3-foot silty
mantle (presumably loess) occurs over the residuum. This landtype grades
into steeper broad ridges Landtypes 2 and 3) or into midslopes
(Landtypes 5 and 6).
Dominant soils-Hartsells, Linker,
Lonewood, Crossville, Lily, and Clarkrange are more common in Subregions
1 and 2, while Albertville, Enders, Nauvo and Wynuville are more common
in Subregion 3. Volume of sandstone, and in places shale, fragments is
35 percent or less in the solum, but deeper horizons may contain more.
Clarkrange and Wynnville soils have fragipans at depths of 18 to 28
inches.
Bedrock-Sandstone and
conglomerate with the strata of shale and siltstone in
places.
Depth to bedrock-20 to 90
inches.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy loam,
and silt loam; sometimes gravelly, stony, or flaggy.
Soil drainage-Well drained
except Clarkrange and Wynnville soils are moderately well
drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Medium.
Soil fertility-Moderately
low.
Vegetation-White oak,
scarlet oak, southern r oak, chestnut oak, hickories, black oak,
blackgum, red maple, shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, and loblolly pine:
occasional yellow-poplar, eastern white pine post oak, sweetgum, black
locust, black cherry, and eastern redcedar. Dogwood, sassafras,
sourwood, serviceberry, persimmon, sumac, hawthorns, viburnums,
vacciniums, azaleas, American holly, and smilax are common understory
species.
 Description of Landtype 2:
Broad Sandstone Ridges-North
Aspect
Geographic Setting-Moderately
deep to deep, loamy soils on nearly level to steep north-facing
portions of broad ridgetops and adjoining convex upper slopes in all
subregions. This landtype extends from the ridge crest down to where the
slope becomes linear or nearly so. At this point gradient usually
increases noticeably. Slope ranges from 2 to 35 percent and is
dominantly greater than 6 percent. Soils developed in loamy residuum
from sandstone or from interbedded sandstone and shale. In some places a
2- to 3-foot silty mantle presumably loess occurs over the residuum Rock
fragments occur on the surface in places. This landtype may occur below
broad undulating uplands (Landtype 1) while north midslopes (Landtype 5
occur below it. This landtype may lie adjacent to Landtypes 14 and 15 in
the heads of hollows.
Dominant soils-Hartsells, Linker,
Lonewood, Crossville, and Lily are more common in Subregions 1 and 2,
while Albertville, Enders and Nauvoo are common in Subregion
3.
Bedrock-Sandstone and
conglomerate with thin strata of shale and siltstone in
places.
Depth to bedrock- 20 to 72
inches.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy
loam, and silt loam; sometimes gravelly, stony, or flaggy. Volume of san
stone, and in places, shale fragments in the solum 35 percent or less,
but deeper horizons may contain more.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Medium.
Soil fertility-Moderately
low.
Vegetation- White oak, scarlet
oak, southern red oak, chestnut oak, hickories, black oak, blackgum,
red maple, shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, loblolly pine, and eastern
white pine; occasional yellow poplar, northern red oak, black cherry,
black locust, post oak, white ash, and eastern redcedar. Dogwood,
sassafras, serviceberry, sourwood, persimmon, sumac, viburnums,
vacciniums, azaleas, smilax, a American holly are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 3:
Broad Sandstone Ridges-South
Aspect
Geographic setting-Moderately
deep to deep, loam soils on nearly level to steep south-facing portions
( broad ridgetops and adjoining convex upper slopes in all subregions.
This landtype extends from the ridge crest down to where the slope
becomes linear or nearly so. At this point gradient usually increases
noticeably. Slope ranges from 2 to 35 percent and is dominantly greater
than 6 percent. Soils developed in loamy residuum from sandstone or from
interbedded sandstone and shale. In some places a 2- to 3-foot silt
mantle (presumably less) occurs over the residuun Rock fragments occur
on the surface in places. South facing ridges tend to be somewhat
steeper and have shallower soils with a higher rock content than
north-facing ridges. This landtype may occur below broad undulating
uplands (Landtype 1) while south midslopes (Landtype 6) occur below it.
This landtype may lie adjacent to Landtypes 14 and 15 in the head of
hollows.
Dominant soils-Hartsells, Linker,
Lonewood, Crossville, and Lily are more common in Subregions 1 and 2,
while Albertville, Enders, and Nauvoo are more common in Subregion
3.
Bedrock-Sandstone and
conglomerate with thin strata of shale and siltstone in
places.
Depth to bedrock-20 to 72
inches.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy loam, and silt
loam sometimes gravelly, stony, or flaggy. Volume of sandstone, and in
places, shale fragments in the solum 35 percent or less, but deeper
horizons may contain more.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Medium.
Soil fertility-Moderately
low.
Vegetation-White oak,
scarlet oak, chestnut oat southern red oak, hickories, black oak,
post oat blackgum, red maple, Virginia pine, shortleaf pine and loblolly
pine; occasional black locust, eastern redcedar, eastern white pine, and
yellow-poplar Dogwood, sassafrass, sourwood, persimmon, vaccniums,
sumac, viburnums, serviceberry, and smilax are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 4:
Narrow Sandstone Ridges and
Convex Upper Slopes
Geographic setting-Shallow to
moderately deep loamy soils on gently sloping to steep, winding
narrow ridgetops and adjoining convex upper slopes all subregions. Below
this landtype are midslope (Landtypes 5 and 6). Landtype 4 is more
common LTA-C (strongly dissected margins and sides of the plateau) and
LTA-D (Crab Orchard Mountains Slope ranges from 0 to 40 percent.
Typically this landtype is no wider than 250 feet. Rock fragment'.
mostly sandstone and conglomerate, are common 0 the surface.
Dominant soils-Hector,
Mountainburg, Ramsey Hartsells, Alticrest, Lily, and
Muskingum.
Bedrock-Predominantly
sandstone and conglomerate with thin strata of siltstone and shale
in places.
Depth to bedrock-40 inches
or less.
Texture-Sandy loam, fine sandy
loam, and loan occasionally silt loam. Often gravelly, stony, or
channery. Coarse fragment content of most soils does n( exceed 35
percent in the solum, except Mountainburg and Muskingum soils, which may
have as much as 6 percent. Coarse fragment content usually increases
with depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained
to somewhat excessively drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Low.
Soil fertility-Low.
Vegetation-White oak, chestnut
oak, scarlet oak southern red oak, post oak, black oak, Virginia pin
shortleaf pine, blackgum, blackjack oak, and hickory ones; occasional
loblolly pine, eastern white pine, black locust, yellow-poplar, and
eastern redcedar, Sassafras, sourwood, dogwood, vacciniums, sumac,
persimmon, and buckthorn are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 5:
North Sandstone
Slopes
Geographic setting-Shallow to
moderately deep loamy and clayey soils with a wide range of coarse
fragments on sloping to very steep north-facing linear to concave
midslopes in all subregions. The landtype lies between narrow ridges,
broad upland or broad ridges and convex upper slopes (Landtypes 1. 2.
and 3) and concave footslopes, terraces, and streambottoms (Landtypes 14
and 15). Slope rang from 6 to 70 percent. Rock fragments are common (
the surface,
Dominant soils-Hartsells,
Mountainburg, Hectc Townlcy, and Montevallo are common in Subregion 3:
Lily, Alticrest, Dekalb, Gilpin, and Ramsey a:
more common in Subregions land
2.
Bedrock-Sandstone, conglomerate,
sandstone interbedded with thin strata of siltstone and shale,
interbedded shale and sandstone, and siltstone interbedded with
sandstone and silty shale.
Depth to bedrock-40 inches
and less.
Texture- Loam, fine sandy loam,
sandy loam, and silty loam; may be stony, gravelly, shaly, channery,
flaggy. Coarse fragment content ranges from 5 to ( percent in the solum
and generally increases with depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
somewhat excessive drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to high. Irrigated by subsurface flow.
Soil fertility-Moderately low to
low.
Vegetation.-White oak, scarlet
oak, black oak, yellow-poplar, hickories, blackgum, southern red oak red
maple, and chestnut oak; occasional northern r~ oak, American beech,
shortleaf pine, Virginia pin eastern white pine, loblolly pine, black
cherry, white ash, sugar maple, eastern redcedar, eastern hemlock and
black locust. Dogwood, sassafras, sourwood, serviceberry, laurel,
vacciniums, viburnums, azalea sumac, persimmon, American holly, and
smilax are common understory species.
Description of Landtype 6:
South Sandstone
Slopes
Geographic setting-Shallow to
moderately deep loamy and clayey soils with a wide range of coarse
fragments on sloping to very steep south-facing linear to concave
midslopes in all subregions. This landtype lies between narrow ridges,
broad uplands or broad ridges and convex upper slopes (Landtype 1, 3,
and 4) and concave footslopes, terraces, and streambottoms (Landtypes 14
and 15). Slope range from 6 to 70 percent. Rock fragments are common 0]
the surface. South-facing slopes tend to be steep and have shallower
soils with higher contents c coarse fragments than north-facing
slopes.
Dominant soils-Hartsells,
Mountainburg, Hectoi Townley, and Montevallo are more common in
Subregion 3; Lily, Alticrest, Dekaib, Gilpin, and Ramsey are more common
in Subregion 1 and 2.
Bedrock-Sandstone, conglomerate,
sandstone inter bedded with thin strata of siltstone and shale, inter
bedded shale and sandstone, and siltstone interbedded with sandstone and
silty shale.
Depth to bedrock-40 inches or
less.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy loam,
sandy loam, and silt loam; may be stony, gravelly, shaly, channery, or
flaggy. Coarse fragment content ranges from 5 to 6 percent in the solum
and generally increases wit] depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
somewhat excessively drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to high. Irrigated by subsurface flow.
Soil fertility-Moderately low to
low.
Vegetation-White oak, chestnut
oak, scarlet oak southern red oak, post oak, hickories, blackjack oak,
black oak, red maple and blackgum; occasional Virginia pine,
shortleaf pine, black locust, eastern red cedar, and loblolly pine.
Dogwood, sassafras, sour wood, vacciniums, persimmon, smilax, sumac, and
viburnums are common understory species.
Description of Landtype 7:
Sandstone Outcrops and Shallow
Soils
Geographic setting-Small to
moderately large areas of exposed sandstone and conglomerate and shallow
loamy soils formed in residuum and locally i~ some colluvium or alluvium
from sandstone, quartzite, and some shale on nearly level to moderately
steep ridgetops, slopes, edges of the Plateau above the nearly vertical
cliffs, and along deeply incise( streams and rivers in all subregions.
Landtype 7 also occurs in sinkholes where the thin sandstone caprock has
collapsed into underlying limestone caverns, particularly along the
strongly dissected western mar gin (LTA-C) of Subregion 1. Slope ranges
from 2 to 7( percent. The area of exposed rock varies from a few square
feet to several acres in narrow strips to broad expanses. Slope of the
rock surface usually is 5 per. cent or less. The very shallow dark brown
or gray soils at the margins of exposed rock contain a very high
percentage of organic matter. This landtype is associated with Landtypes
1 to 6. Landtype 7 has the lowest productivity of any landtype in the
region.
Dominant soils-Hector, Ramsey,
Mountainburg and sandstone outcrops.
Bedrock-Predominantly sandstone
and conglomerate with thin strata of shale or siltstone in
places.
Depth to bedrock-Less than 20
inches.
Texture-Gravelly, channery,
and flaggy sandy loam fine sandy loam, and loam. Coarse fragment
content ranges up to 60 percent in the solum and usually increases with
depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
somewhat excessively drained.
Relative soil water supply-Very
low. Seepage is common in wet weather, but the soil dries
quickly.
Soil fertility-Very
low.
Vegetation-White oak, post oak,
chestnut oak. blackjack oak, scarlet oak, southern red oak, and
blackgum; occasional Virginia pine, shortleaf pine hickories, red maple,
black locust, and eastern redcedar. Sourwood, dogwood, winged elm,
mountainlaurel, vacciniums, lichens, mosses, grasses, and buckthorn are
common understory species.
Description of Landtype 8:
Broad Shale Ridges~North
Aspect
Geographic
setting-Moderately deep to very deep, loamy and clayey
soils on gently sloping to steep north-facing, low, broad hills and
ridges above the surrounding undulating plateau top. This landtype
extends from the ridge crest down to where the gradient usually
increases noticeably. Slope ranges from 3 to 35 percent and is
dominantly greater than 6 percent. Soils developed in residuum from
shale, and siltstone, and thin strata of sandstone. In places there is a
2- to 3-foot layer of loess over the residuum. This landtype occurs in
Subregions 1 and 2 mostly north of highway 1-40, where the caprock is
shale members of the Crooked Fork group. Landtype 8 occurs above upper
shale slopes (Landtype 10).
Dominant soils-Sequoia, Gilpin,
Wellston, Whitley, and Tilsit.
Bedrock-Shale and siltstone, and
thin strata of sandstone in places.
Depth to bedrock-24 to 60 inches
or more. Tilsit soils have a fragipan at depths of 18 to 28
inches.
Texture-Silt loam and loam,
occasionally silty clay loam; in places, shaly or channery. Coarse
fragment content ranges from 0 to 40 percent in the solum, but is
commonly less than 25 percent.
Soil drainage-Well drained
except Tilsit soils are moderately well drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Medium.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, scarlet
oak, hickories, black oak, shortleaf
pine, and Virginia pine; occasional southern red oak, yellow-poplar,
eastern white pine, red maple, blackgum, loblolly pine, black locust,
and black cherry. Dogwood, sourwood, sassafras, persimmon, vacciniums,
smilax, azaleas, and viburnums are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 9:
Broad Shale Ridges~South
Aspect
Geographic
setting-Moderately deep to very deep, loamy and
clayey soils on gently sloping to steep south-facing, low, broad hills
and ridges above it:
surrounding undulating plateau top. This
landtype extends from the ridge crest down to where the gradient usually
increases noticeably. Slope ranges from 3 to 35 percent and is
dominantly greater than percent. Soils developed in residuum from shale
and siltstone, and thin strata of sandstone. In places there is a 2- to
3-foot layer of loess over the residuum. The landtype occurs in
Subregions 1 and 2 mostly north highway 1-40, where the caprock is shale
members the Crooked Fork group. Landtype 9 occurs above upper shale
slopes (Landtype 11).
Dominant soils-Sequoia, Gilpin,
Weliston, Whitle' and Tilsit.
Bedrock-Shale and siltstone and
thin strata sandstone in places.
Depth to bedrock-24 to 60 inches
or more. The soils have a fragipan at depths of 18 to 28
inches.
Texture-Silt loam, loam,
and occasionally silty clay loam, in places, shaly or channery. Volume
of coarse fragments ranges from 0 to 40 percent in the solum but it
commonly less than 25 percent.
Soil drainage-Well drained except
Tilsit soils are moderately well drained.
Relative soil water
supply-Medium.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak,
chestnut oak, scarlet oak, hickories, black oak, shortleaf pine, and
Virgin pine; occasional southern red oak, blackjack oak, p0:
oak, eastern white pine, black locust,
red maple, blackgum, yellow-poplar, loblolly pine, and black cherry.
Dogwood, sourwood, sassafras, persimmon, azaleas, smilax, and viburnums
are common understory species.
Description of Landtype 10:
Upper Shale Slopes-North
Aspect
Geographic setting-Shallow to
moderately deep loamy and shaly soils on moderately steep to very
steep, north-facing linear to convex upper slopes Soils formed in
residuum from shale, siltstone, and thin strata of sandstone.
Interspersed areas of shallow rubble are common. Slope ranges from 10 to
70 per. cent and is commonly greater than 20 percent. This landtype
occurs in Subregions 1 and 2, mostly north of highway 1-40, where the
caprock is shale member.' of the Crooked Fork group. Landtype 10 occurs
below broad shale ridges (Landtype 8) and above lower shale slopes
(Landtype 12).
Dominant soils-Ramsey, Muskingum,
Gilpin, and Berks, and shale rubble.
Bedrock-Shale and siltstone;
occasionally thin strata of sandstone.
Depth to bedrock-7 to 40
inches.
Texture-Silt loam, loam, and
occasionally fine sandy loam; usually shaly or channery. Volume of
coarse fragments ranges from 20 to 75 percent in the solum and usually
increases in with depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
somewhat excessively drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to low. Irrigated by subsurface flow, but the porous soil drain
rapidly.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, scarlet
oak, chestnut oak hickories, yellow-poplar, black oak, red maple,
blackgum, and eastern white pine; occasional southern red oak, shortleaf
pine, Virginia pine, northern red oak, eastern hemlock, black cherry,
white ash, sugar maple, black locust, and loblolly pine. Dogwood,
sourwood, sassafras, mountain laurel, persimmon, vacciniums, strawberry
bush, devils-walkingstick, striped maple, smilax, azaleas, and viburnums
are common understory species.
Description of Landtype 11:
Upper Shale Slopes~South
Aspect
Geographic setting-Shallow to
moderately deep loamy and shaly soils on moderately steep to very steep,
south-facing linear to convex upper slope Soils formed in residuum from
shale, siltstone, and thin strata of sandstone. Areas of shale rubble a
common. Slope ranges from 10 to 70 percent and commonly greater than 20
percent. South-facing slopes tend to be steeper and have shallower soil
with higher contents of coarse fragments than north facing slopes. This
landtype occurs in Subregions and 2, mostly north of highway 1-40, where
the ca rock is shale members of the Crooked Fork group Landtype 11
occurs below broad shale ridges (Landtype 9) and above lower shale
slopes (Landtype 1
Dominant soils-Ramsey, Muskingum,
Gilpin, and Berks, and shale rubble.
Bedrock-Shale and siltstone;
occasionally thin strata of sandstone.
Depth to bedrock-7 to 40
inches.
Texture-Silt loam, loam, and
occasionally fine san loam, usually shaly or channery. Volume of coarse
fragments ranges from 20 to 75 percent in the solum and usually
increases with depth.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
somewhat excessively drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to low. Irrigated by subsurface flow, but the porous soil drain
rapidly.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak,
scarlet oak, chestnut oak, hickories, Virginia pine, shortleaf pine,
black oak, and post oak; occasional southern red oak, blackjack oak,
eastern white pine, red maple, black locust, blackgum, and loblolly
pine. Dogwood, sourwood, sassafras, laurel, vacciniums, smilax,
persimmon, azaleas, and viburnums are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 12:
Lower Shale Slopes-North
Aspect
Geographic setting-Deep to very
deep, shaly
gravelly, loamy soils formed in
colluvium from shaly siltstone, and in places, sandstone, and underlain
shale, siltstone, and sandstone. This landtype occupies the moderately
steep to very steep, north-foci lower concave dopes. Slope ranges from 5
to 60 ~E cent, but is commonly greater than 20 percent. This
landtype occurs in Subregions 1 and 2, mostly nor of highway 1-40, where
the caprock is shale member of the Crooked Fork group. This landtype
occurs I low upper shale slopes (Landtype 10) and may with footslopes,
terraces, and streambottoms (Landtypes 14 and 15).
Dominant soils-Jefferson and
Shelocta.
Bedrock-Shale, siltstone, and
some sandstone.
Depth to bedrock-more than 40
inches up to I
inches.
Texture-Loam and silt loam;
sometimes sandy clay
loam, and clay loam; usually shaly or
channery sometimes gravelly. Coarse fragment content ranging from 5 to
80 percent in the solum and increases w depth.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to high. Ii
gated by subsurface flow; wet weather
seeps are common.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, northern
red oak, yellow poplar, hickories, black oak, eastern white pine, e~ em
hemlock, blackgum, and red maple; occasionally Virginia pine, shortleaf
pine, scarlet oak, south red oak, chestnut oak, black cherry, sugar
maple, white ash, black locust, bigleaf magnolia, and loblolly pine.
Dogwood, sourwood, sassafras, mount laurel, rhododendron, witch-hazel,
azaleas, viburnums, persimmon, strawberry bush, devils-walkingstick,
striped maple, and spicebush are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 13:
Lower Shale Slopes~South
Aspect
Geographic setting-Deep to very
deep, shaly gravelly, loamy soils formed in colluvium from shale,
siltstone, and in places, sandstone, and underlain I shale, siltstone,
and sandstone. This landtype occupies the moderately steep to very
steep, south-facing lower concave slopes. Slope ranges from 5 to 60
percent, but is commonly greater than 20 percent. South-facing slopes
tend to be steeper and have shallower soils with higher contents of
coarse fragments than north-facing slopes. This landtype occurs
Subregions 1 and 2, mostly north of highway 1-4 where the caprock is
shale members of the Crook' Fork group. This landtype occurs below upper
shale slopes (Landtype 11) and merges with footslopes, terraces, and
streambottoms ) Landtypes 14 and 15).
Dominant soils-Jefferson and
Shelocta.
Bedrock-Shale, siltstone, and
some sandstone.
Depth to bedrock-More than 40
inches up to 1.'
inches.
Texture-Loam and silt loam;
sometimes sandy clay
loam, and clay loam; usually shaly or
channery sometimes gravelly. Coarse fragment content range from 5 to 80
percent in the solum and increases with depth.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to high. Irrigated by subsurface flow; wet weather seeps are common, but
duration is short during the growing s( son.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak,
scarlet oak, chestnut oak, hickories, black oak, blackgum, red maple,
Virginia pine, and shortleaf pine: occasional southern red oak, eastern
white pine, yellow-poplar, northern red oak, post oak, black locust,
black cherry, and loblolly pine, Dogwood, sassafras, sourwood,
rhododendron, vacciniums, azaleas, strawberry bush, devils-walkingstick,
striped maple, and viburnums are common understory
species.
Description of Landtype 14:
Footslopes, Terraces, and
Stream-bottoms with Good Drainage
Geographic setting-Deep,
loamy soils with goo drainage on level to strongly sloping concave
fool slopes, stream terraces, and heads of hollows on the Plateau
surface in all subregions. Slope ranges from 0 to 15 percent. This
landtype typically occurs below Landtypes 5, 6, 12, and 13 as narrow
strips along intermittent drainages or level bottomland along permanent
streams, creeks, and rivers but can also occur below Landtypes 1, 2, 3,
8, and 9 near the head of streams. When Landtypes 14 and 15 are adjacent
Landtype 14 occupies a higher position on the landscape. In gorges of
the Plateau interior, particularly in LTA-C of Subregion 1, this
landtype occurs below Landtypes 16 and 17 where streams have not c~
through the sandstone caprock, and below Landtype 18 and 19 where
streams have cut through the sandstone caprock into the underlying
Pennington and Bangor formations. This landtype is the second most
productive one in the region.
Dominant soils-Sewanee, Clifty,
Ealy, Cotaco, Barbourville, Pope, and Philo.
Parent material-Alluvium, and in
places, colluvium from soils developed in residuum from sandstone,
siltstone, and shale, and underlain by sandstone, siltstone, shale, and
limestone.
Depth to bedrock-40 inches
to 12 feet or more.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy
loam, silt loam, and sand loam; occasionally gravelly. Coarse fragment
content ranges from 0 to 35 percent and usually increases with
depth.
Soil drainage-Moderately well
drained to well drained.
Relative soil water supply-High.
Irrigated by subsurface flow. Seeps occur on footslopes in winter
or spring. Streambottoms may have seasonal watertable for 1 to 3
months.
Soil
fertility-Moderate.
Vegetation-White oak,
yellow-poplar, red maple, blackgum, sweetgum, black oak, and loblolly
pin occasional southern red oak, scarlet oak, eastern white pine,
eastern hemlock, shortleaf pine, Virgin pine, bigleaf magnolia, American
sycamore, American elm, American beech, and hackberry. Dogwood,
sassafras, sourwood serviceberry, blue-beech, mountain-laurel,
viburnums, strawberry bush, devils-walkingstick, striped maple, azaleas,
cane, a] American holly are common in the understory.
Description of Landtype 15:
Terraces, Streambottoms, and
Depressions with Poor
Drainage
Geographic setting-Deep, loamy
soils with ~O( drainage on level to gently sloping stream terrace' heads
of hollows, and depressions on the Plateau surface in Subregions 1, 2,
and 3. Slope ranges from to 3 percent. This landtype typically occurs
below Landtypes 5, 6, 12, and 13 as narrow strips along intermittent
drainages or level bottomland along permanent streams, creeks, and
rivers but can also occur below Landtypes 1, 2, 3, 8, and 9 near the
head of streams. When landtypes 14 and 15 are adjacent Landtype 14
occupies a higher position on the landscape. In gorges on the Plateau
interior, particularly in Subregion 1, this landtype occurs below
Landtype 16 and 17 where streams have not cut through the sandstone
caprock, and below Landtype 18 and 1 where streams have cut through the
caprock into the underlying Pennington and Bangor formations.
Dominant soils-Bonair,
Atkins, and Stokly.
Parent material-Alluvium washed
from soils developed in residuum from sandstone, siltstone, an shale,
and underlain by sandstone, siltstone, shale and limestone.
Depth to bedrock-40 inches
to 5 feet or more.
Texture-Loam, fine sandy
loam, silt loam, and sand loam; occasionally silty clay loam. Coarse
fragment content ranges from 0 to 20 percent in the solum an usually
increases with depth.
Soil drainage-Poorly drained to
somewhat poorly drained.
Relative soil water supply-High
to very high. Irrigated by subsurface flow. Subject to flooding
for brief periods and has a water table within a foot or less the
surface from January to May.
Soil
fertility-Moderate.
Vegetation-Red maple,
sweetgum, blackgum, yellow-poplar, white oak, American sycamore, and
loblolly pine; occasional American elm, America beech, cottonwood, water
oak, willow oak, black willow, and boxelder. Viburnums, azaleas,
mountain laurel, American holly, cane, sphagnum moss, alder, dogwood,
buckthorn, strawberry hush, Virginia willow, and sedges are common in
the understory.
Description of Landtype 16:
Plateau Escarpment and Upper
Sandstone Slopes and Benches-North
Aspect
Geographic setting-Deep to
very deep, loamy so
formed in colluvium from sandstone,
siltstone, a shale, and underlain by sandstone, siltstone, or shale in
all subregions. Occupies the gently sloping to very steep upper
one-third to one-half of northerly slop that extend from the Plateau
escarpment to the adjacent limestone valleys. Slope ranges from 5 to
percent. Much of the surface is covered with san stone boulders and
fragments. At the Plateau center, particularly in the Sequatchie Valley,
the landtype may be absent if escarpment development has progressed down
to limestone. In gorges of the Plateau interior, primarily in Subregion
1, where stream cutting has not carved through the sandstone caprock,
this landtype occurs between the escarpment and larger streams and
rivers and Landtype is absent. In narrow gorges the lower one-fourth
one-half of south-facing slopes (Landtype 17) should be included with
Landtype 16 because shading modifies the normal warm microclimate. This
landtype a mesic site and has the highest productivity of any landtype
in the region.
Dominant soils-Cririmsley,
Jefferson, Ramsey, a]
Zenith. Formerly mapped as sandstone
rockland bouldery colluvial land.
Bedrock-Sandstone, siltstone, and
shale.
Depth to bedrock-40 to 60
inches or more.
Texture-Gravelly or cobbly loam,
silt loam, sand
clay loam, or clay loam.
Soil drainge-well
drained.
Relative soil water supply-Very
high to high. Irrigated by subsurface flow and seepage.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, northern
red oak, yellow poplar, chestnut oak, sugar maple, hickories, American
beech, black oak, white ash, white basswood yellow buckeye, and black
locust; occasional black gum, elms, red maple, southern red oak, eastern
hemlock, eastern white pine, chinkapin oak, black cherry, black walnut,
and cucumbertree. Dogwood eastern redbud, bigleaf magnolia, spicebush,
bladdernut, hydrangea, viburnums, azaleas, rh dodendrons, sourwood,
grape, and pawpaw are common understory species. This landtype also
support a rich herbaceous flora.
Description of Landtype 17:
Plateau Escarpment and Upper
Sandstone Slopes and Benches South
Aspect
Geographic setting-Deep to very
deep, loamy 50 formed in colluvium from sandstone, siltstone, and shale,
and underlain by sandstone, siltstone, or shale in all subregions.
Occupies the gently sloping to v& steep upper one-third to one-half
of southerly slop that extend from the Plateau escarpment to the
adjacent limestone valleys. Slope ranges from 5 to percent. Much of the
surface is covered with san stone boulders and fragments. At the Plateau
e tenor, particularly in the Sequatchie Valley, the landtype may be
absent if escarpment development has progressed down to limestone. In
gorges of the Plateau interior, primarily in Subregion 1, where stream
cutting has not carved through the sandstone caprock, this landtype
occurs between the escarpment and larger steams and rivers and landtype
19 absent. In narrow gorges the lower one-fourth to or half of these
slopes should be included in Landtype because shading mollifies the
normal warm microclimate. This landtype is not as productive as Landtype
16, and forests lack the preponderance of mesic species found on north
aspects.
Dominant soils-Grimsley, Ramsey,
Jefferse Formerly mapped as sandstone rockland or boulder colluvial
land.
Bedrock-Sandstone, siltstone, and
shale.
Depth to bedrock-40 to 60 inches
or more.
Texture-Gravelly or cobbly loam, silt
loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to low. Irrigated by subsurface flow and seepage. This landtype is not
as moist as Landtype 16.
Soil fertility-Moderately low to
low.
Vegetation-White oak, chestnut
oak, northern r oak, hickories, black oak, red maple, yellow-poplar and
black locust; occasional blackgum, elms, eastern white pine, white ash,
black cherry, black walnut, sugar maple, southern red oak, shortleaf
pine, Virginia pine, loblolly pine, and American beech. Do wood,
viburnums, eastern redbud, sourwood, azaleas and grape are common
understory species.
Description of Landtype 18:
Lower Limestone Slopes,
Benches, and Spur Ridges~North Aspect
Geographic setting-Moderately
deep to very de loamy and clayey soils formed from limestone siduum and
some colluvium from sandstone, 5 stone, and shale and underlain by
limestone in subregions. Occupies the gently sloping to very steep lower
one-half to two-thirds of northerly slopes that extend from the Plateau
escarpment to the adjacent limestone valleys, or the entire northern
slopes narrow spur ridges that extend into the adjacent valleys. Slope
ranges from 2 to 75 percent. Sandstone boulders may be present, but up
to 40 percent of I surface is covered with outcrops of limestone. ~
material between the rocks is compact, sticky, heavy clay. Coarse
fragments in the soil vary from less than 10 percent to 65 percent. This
landtype usually occur downslope from Landtype 16 and is less product
than north upper slopes. Landtype 20 often occur below this landtype on
footslopes dominated limestone outcrops. Where the escarpment has
developed down to limestone, however, this landtype extends from the
base of the escarpment down to 1 adjoining valleys. This landtype is
absent in gorge' the Plateau interior where streams have not through the
sandstone caprock. Where streams h~ cut through the sandstone caprock
into the underlying Pennington and Bangor formations, this la] type
occurs below Landtype 16 and above Landtype 14 and 15. In deeply cut,
narrow gorges the lower one-fourth to one-half of south-facing slopes
(La] type 19) should be included with Landtype 18 because shading
mollifies the normal warm microclimate
Dominant soils-Bouldin, Allen,
Nella, and Talb(
Formerly mapped as limestone rockland or
boulder colluvial land.
Bedrock-Limestone.
Depth to bedrock-Mostly 60 inches
or more but be 20 to 40 inches where Talbott soils occur.
Texture-Cobbly to stony loam,
sandy loam, c loam, and silt loam.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water supply-Medium
to low. ~ water percolates deep into the limestone.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, chestnut
oak, northern oak, black oak, hickories, scarlet oak, southern I oak,
and yellow-poplar; occasional blackgum, maple, sugar maple, eastern
white pine, post oak, chinkapin oak, and elms. Dogwood, eastern redbud,
winged elm, viburnums, sumac, ironwood, ~ hawthorns are common in the
understory.
Description of Landtype 19:
Lower Limestone Slopes,
Benches, and Spur Ridges-South Aspect
Geographic setting-Moderately
deep to very de loamy and clayey soils formed in colluvium from
sandstone, siltstone, and shale and from limestone residuum, and
underlain by limestone in all subregions. Occupies the gently sloping to
very steep lower one-half to two-thirds of southerly slopes that extend
from the Plateau escarpment to the adjacent limestone valleys, or the
entire southerly slopes of narrow spur ridges that extend into the
adjacent valley. Slope ranges from 2 to 75 percent. Sandstone boulders
may be present, but up to 40 percent of 1 surface is covered with
outcrops of limestone. ~ material between the rocks is compact, sticky,
heavy clay. Coarse fragments in the soil vary from less t~ 10 percent to
65 percent. This landtype usually occur downslope from Landtype 17 and
is less product than south upper slopes. Landtype 20 often occur below
this landtype on footslopes dominated by limestone outcrops. Where the
escarpment has eroded down to limestone, however, this landtype extends
from the base of the escarpment down to the adjacent valleys. This
landtype is absent in gorges of Plateau interior where streams have not
cut through the sandstone caprock. Where streams have through the
sandstone caprock into the underly Pennington and Bangor formations,
this landtype occurs below Landtype 17 and above Landtypes and 15. In
deeply cut, narrow gorges the lower 0 fourth to one-half of these slopes
should be included in Landtype 18 because shading mollifies the non warm
microclimate.
Dominant soils-Bouldin, Allen,
Nella, and Talb Formerly mapped as limestone rockland or bould colluvial
land.
Bedrock-Limestone.
Depth to bedrock-Mostly 60 inches
or more but 11
be 20 to 40 inches where Talbott soils
occur.
Texture-Cobbly to stony loam,
sandy loam, c
loam, and silt loam.
Soil drainage-Well
drained.
Relative soil water supply-Low to
very low. water percolates deep into the limestone.
Soil fertility-Moderate to
moderately low.
Vegetation-White oak, scarlet
oak, chestnut oak, hickories,
eastern redcedar, white ash, post oak, southern red oak, black oak, and
elms; occasional maple, blackgum, black locust, chinkapin oak,
honeylocust, blue ash, American beech, Virginia pine, shortleaf pine,
and loblolly pine. Eastern redbud, dogwood, winged elm, viburnums,
ironwood, hawthorns, and sumac are common in the
understory.
Description of Landtype 20:
Limestone Outcrops and Shallow
Soils
Geographic setting-Small to
extensive areas
limestone outcrops interspersed with
patches of shallow to moderately deep, clayey soils on gently sloping to
steep footslopes in all subregions. This intricate pattern of soil and
rock outcrops occurs mostly between Landtypes 18 and 19 and the adjacent
limestone valleys but may occur intermingled with Landtypes 18 and 19.
Eastern redcedar often dominates this landtype. Slope ranges from 2 to
40 percent. ~ mass may contain up to 65 percent limestone slabs. More
than 50 percent of the surface may be exposed limestone. Where the
exposed rock is extensive, often terraced but the slope of each terrace
is near horizontal.
Dominant soils-Barfield,
Gladeville, and limestE
rockland. Pockets of moderately deep
Talbott n occur in this landtype.
Bedrock-Limestone.
Depth to bedrock-Mostly
less than 20 inches
ranges up to 40 inches where Talbott
soils occur
Texture-Silty clay loam,
silty clay, clay, and
loam.
Soil drainage-Well drained to
excessively drain Relative soil water supply-Low. Seepage is common in
wet weather, but the soil dries quickly.
Fertility-Moderate.
Vegetation-Eastern red
cedar, hickories, hackberry, white ash, and elms; occasional
honeylocust, Virginia pine, blackjack oak, blue ash, black walnut,
southern red oak, and osage-orange. Forbs, grasses, sumac, eastern
redbud, winged elm, buckthorn, hawthorns, and pricklypear are common in
understory. |
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Descriptions of Landtypes
